Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common health issues affecting senior cats—and one of the most important to detect early. This progressive condition reduces the kidneys’ ability to filter waste, regulate hydration, and maintain essential bodily functions. Though it cannot be cured, CKD can be managed effectively, especially when caught in its early stages.

At LaGrange Veterinary Hospital, we want to help you understand this condition from every angle—so you can take meaningful steps to extend your cat’s life and improve their comfort. In this guide, we’ll explain how to spot early warning signs, explore diagnostic tools, review treatment options, and outline long-term care strategies.

Have questions about your cat’s kidney health?
 Schedule a consultation with our veterinary team.

What Do the Kidneys Do in Cats?

The kidneys are vital for a cat’s survival. They:

  • Filter toxins and metabolic waste from the bloodstream
  • Regulate fluid and electrolyte balance
  • Maintain normal blood pressure
  • Stimulate red blood cell production through erythropoietin

When kidney function declines, waste builds up in the body, leading to a wide range of systemic issues—from nausea to high blood pressure to life-threatening anemia.

Types of Kidney Disease in Cats

Understanding the type of kidney disease your cat has is essential for developing an effective treatment plan:

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

  • Gradual and irreversible
  • Most common in cats over 7 years old
  • Progressive, but manageable with medical care and diet

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

  • Sudden and often caused by toxins, infections, or severe dehydration
  • May be reversible with prompt treatment

 More on CKD from Cornell Feline Health Center

Early Symptoms of Kidney Disease in Cats

What Are the First Signs of Kidney Disease in Cats?

Early symptoms can be easy to miss, but catching them quickly is critical. Watch for:

  • Increased thirst and more frequent urination
  • Weight loss, even with a normal appetite
  • Dull or unkempt coat
  • Bad breath or a chemical odor from the mouth
  • Lethargy or reduced interest in play
  • Vomiting or intermittent digestive upset

Advanced Symptoms

As kidney function declines further, symptoms may become more severe:

  • Muscle wasting and severe weight loss
  • Pale gums or weakness from anemia
  • High blood pressure, which can cause vision loss or seizures
  • Mouth ulcers and increased drooling
  • Dehydration despite drinking water

 Learn more about anemia in cats

Diagnosing Kidney Disease in Cats

Early detection starts with routine veterinary care. If kidney disease is suspected, your vet may recommend:

Key Diagnostic Tests

  • Bloodwork: Measures creatinine, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), and SDMA to assess kidney function
  • Urinalysis: Evaluates urine concentration and checks for protein loss
  • Blood pressure monitoring: High blood pressure is common in CKD and must be managed
  • Imaging (ultrasound or X-rays): Identifies structural changes or underlying causes like kidney stones or polycystic kidney disease

 IRIS CKD Staging Guidelines help veterinarians stage the disease and tailor treatment appropriately.

How Is CKD Treated and Managed?

Hydration Therapy

Dehydration is a key contributor to declining kidney function.

  • Encourage water intake with cat water fountains or ice cubes in water dishes
  • Switch to wet food instead of dry kibble
  • Subcutaneous fluids (SQ fluids): Administered under the skin at home, SQ fluids help maintain hydration when kidney function declines

 How to Give Subcutaneous Fluids – iCatCare

Therapeutic Diets

Nutrition plays a central role in slowing disease progression:

  • Low phosphorus and moderate protein levels
  • High moisture content
  • Added potassium and omega-3 fatty acids
  • Prescription diets include:
    • Hill’s Prescription Diet k/d
    • Royal Canin Renal Support
    • Purina Pro Plan NF

Medications to Manage CKD

Your veterinarian may recommend medications to control symptoms and improve quality of life:

  • Phosphate binders (e.g., aluminum hydroxide) to reduce toxin absorption
  • Amlodipine for blood pressure control
  • Erythropoietin-stimulating agents for anemia
  • Antacids or anti-nausea medications like maropitant to prevent vomiting and encourage appetite

 Managing CKD at Home – MSU Veterinary Diagnostic Lab

Long-Term Care for Cats with Kidney Disease

Regular Monitoring Is Critical

Chronic kidney disease evolves over time. Routine monitoring allows your veterinarian to adjust treatment as needed:

  • Bloodwork and urinalysis every 3 to 6 months
  • Blood pressure checks at each visit
  • Weight tracking and appetite assessments
  • Adjustments in diet and medication based on disease progression

Supporting Your Cat’s Quality of Life at Home

  • Provide multiple water sources throughout the home
  • Create a calm, low-stress environment
  • Offer elevated or heated beds to support aging joints
  • Use shallow or wide dishes for food to reduce whisker stress

Senior Pet Care Recommendations – AAHA

Can Kidney Disease in Cats Be Prevented?

While not all cases are preventable, some steps can reduce risk or allow for early detection:

  • Feed a hydrating, balanced diet that includes wet food
  • Provide access to fresh, clean water at all times
  • Schedule routine wellness visits with bloodwork for early detection
  • Avoid nephrotoxic substances like:
    • Lilies (extremely toxic to cats)
    • NSAIDs (like ibuprofen or naproxen)
    • Antifreeze (ethylene glycol)

Related Conditions That Impact Kidney Health

Feline Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is common in older cats and can accelerate kidney damage by increasing blood flow and pressure through the kidneys.

  • Careful management is required if your cat has both conditions.Treatment options include medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery.

 AAHA Feline Hyperthyroidism Guidelines

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

PKD is a genetic disorder found most often in Persian and British Shorthair cats, causing fluid-filled cysts that impair kidney function.

  • Early detection with ultrasound screening can help monitor the disease before symptoms begin.

 More from Cornell on PKD

Compassionate Support for Cats with CKD

Though chronic kidney disease is a lifelong condition, it is also one that can be managed effectively with the right care plan. Many cats live for years with CKD when diagnosed early and supported with proper diet, hydration, medication, and monitoring.

At LaGrange Veterinary Hospital, we’re here to help you every step of the way—from diagnosis to long-term support.

Think your cat may be showing early signs of kidney disease? Let’s talk.
 Schedule an appointment today.